Modern Accounting Systems in Modern Organizations

Modern accounting systems have become the foundation from which the modern organization can rely and depend upon to maintain a strong efficient strategy that will help the organization grow. The modern accounting systems embraces the old accounting practices that have been used for hundreds of years and builds upon that platform to give modern organizations control over the finances. There must be set in place internal controls to keep the company assets from being stolen and that is why modern accounting systems utilizes many internal controls with the organization. The modern accounting system is one of the most valuable assets that a modern organization has in its possession because modern accounting systems make better use of the†¦show more content†¦Knowing exactly which accounts are being debited and which accounts are being credited is essential to maintaining financial records and keeping the organization on the right track for success. Modern accounting uses debi ts and credits through the accounting equation which is used to determine what accounts are debited and what accounts are credited to keep a harmonious balance between the debits and credits. The accounting equation is like the groundwork for the debits and credits and that is why modern accounting systems utilizes the accounting equation no matter what the account may be because the assets must always equal the liabilities, owners equity. In the modern accounting systems each debit must have a credit to keep the balance in the accounting equation. [At] the heart of modern financial accounting is the double-entry book-keeping system. This system involves making at least two entries for every transaction: a debit in one account, and a corresponding credit in another account. The sum of all debits should always equal the sum of all credits, providing a simple way to check for [errors] (Sharda Gangwar, 2009). The third way in which modern accounting systems have made a difference in modern organizations would be with the adjusting process of accounting to maintain records that are up to date and includes all transactions. If every transaction is completely accounted for in the financial records then the company will not be in violation ofShow MoreRelatedAcc205 Final Paper1272 Words   |  6 PagesPaper Matthew Duncan ACC205: Principles of Accounting 1 LaKeitha Givens June 13, 2011 Final Paper What makes a large organization like Wal-Mart financially successful? One could say it is the result of outstanding personnel or perhaps a strong determination to succeed. These factors certainly contribute. However the key to financial success in organizations lies in good accounting. Since early civilization began, accounting has been an important part of our financial transactionsRead MoreManagement Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative997 Words   |  4 PagesManagement Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative In last many years, few management accounting innovations has been developed. Managers have to make decision on a daily basis as well make decisions regarding the future and how to survive and grow in an energetic market place with ever growing uncertain circumstances. Traditional or modern management accounting system give relevant information to all levels of management, financial and other information to make decisions about planning, controlRead MoreTraditional Financial Reporting and its Limitations962 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In a more general term, financial statement states the details of an organization, entity and business financial activities. It provides information about the financial performance, position as at a given date, changes in financial position, etc., that are useful for economic decision. Some of the information content may include the statement of an entity’s assets (non-current and current), liabilities (short and long time), ownership structure, and statement of income, expenditureRead MoreWhat Is Target Costing And Life Cycle Costing?1246 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past recent years a new term has been coined in management accounting literature:†Strategic Management Accounting†. In the following years and still today, a debate about what SMA comprises has been oriented. It is considered widely by organizations while drafting and implementing strategic planning and control system in an organization. This essay will elaborate the understanding and analyzing of work done by CIMA and some other surveyors in relation to this field. Secondary part will beRead MoreOrganizational And Numerical Methods Of Management820 Words   |  4 Pagescommon management issues specific formula. (Barret, 2012) System approch: System approach to management views the organisation as a unified,puropsefull system composed of interrelated parts.This approach also gives the managaer to the organisationas a wholeand as part of the large external enviornment.This approch focus on systems that when put together forms a whole unit. Contingency aproach: This approach believes that there is no one system in managing the organisation. It plans to deal with theRead MoreOrganizational Studies And Management Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizing, leading, and controlling undertakings have occurred for thousands of years. As the initial days of systematic commercial and structural study, philosophers have contended that companies can understand aids using either more traditional or more modern management methods. For example, Taylor, Weber and Fayol were well-known societal researchers that advocated a traditional management. They are the originators of organizational studies and started their theories in the commencement of the 20th centuryRead MoreControls for Information Technology and Reporting Evaluation Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages6 Controls for Information Technology Risk is a necessary undertaking for any business. Success in business is determined by effectively managing the risk. Effective risk management helps to protect the company from losses because of poor accounting practices and fraud. Good controls also protect company management from the liability when they certify the financial statements issued in the annual report because they are also certifying the internal controls. The internal control process beginsRead MoreFeature of Mis1573 Words   |  7 PagesFeatures of MIS Management information systems can be used as a support to managers to provide a competitive advantage. The system must support the goals of the organization. Most organizations are structured along functional lines, and the typical systems are identified as follows: 1. Accounting management information systems: All accounting reports are shared by all levels of accounting managers. The management of the information which at the accounting department is one of the most importantRead MoreThe Industrial Era Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizing, leading, and controlling undertakings have occurred meant for centuries. As the initial days of systematic commercial and structural study, philosophers have contended that companies can understand aids using either more traditional or more modern management methods. For example, Taylor, Weber and Fayol were well-known societal researchers which encouraged an old management. They are the originators of structural research studies and happening their theories in the commencement of the 20thRead MoreWhat Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems1454 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems? Cost Accounting Reporting System deals with the process of tracking, measuring, recording and classifying the appropriate allocation of expenditure (financial and non-financial) for the determination of the cost of product or service in an organization and for the presentation of suitably arranged data for the purpose of control and guidance of management (Horngren et al, 2010). Costs are measured in terms of Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and

A Sample of Fine Art - 2032 Words

Although different pieces of art come from different eras and different artists, what makes a composition fine art is its ability to evoke emotions in the viewer. These emotions can range from misery to ecstasy and everything in between. Conversely, if there are no feelings experienced by the majority viewers, no matter if theyre positive or negative, than that piece does not fit into the genre of fine art. The great thing about genuinely fine art is the fact that the experience of emotion is absolutely subjective. It is true that a work of art has a certain message embodied in it and an intended emotional response; however, with fine art the experience is different from person to person. Great artistic compositions do trigger similar†¦show more content†¦This event, along with the happy women with one of them playing music, gives this painting a very spiritual feel to it. The colors of the painting are reds, greens and yellows and the painting as a whole is medium sized and fan-shaped. The colors are very dark and are all distinguished fro one another. Even though the painting is indeed made up of dark colors it conveys a very light and happy message; the dark colors serve their role in establishing the seriousness of the work. The message is that the dedication a lot of time to prayer and worship in the past, i.e. the three topless women in the background, will lead to happiness, joy and freedom, i.e. the two exposed and cheerful women in the foreground of the painting. The fact that there are three women in the back instead of two is to represent the heavy load of worship. The two women in the front resemble the lighter load of happiness. The topless state of the women in the background signifies their exposure to the idol(s) or god(s) that they are worshiping. The fact that the subjects are also exposed stands for their freedom since they are happy, unlike the other three women who are too deep into worship to be able to enjoy life. A third artist of the Post-Impressionism era is Vincent van Gogh. One of his many spectacular works is The Rocks. This painting fits all of the characteristics of this era in that it is composed of a natural setting despite the fact that colors, strokes, and overall appearance of theShow MoreRelatedThe Case For Investment Into Art And The Development Of Art Indices947 Words   |  4 Pages2.1 Art Index and Methodology The case for investment into art and the development of art indices has been at the forefront of the evolution of investing into alternative assets. Databases, indices, and market reports are now essential analytical tools with which art investors can assess financial performance. Over the past few decades, researchers have used different methodologies to calculate the financial returns on art investments, based on public auction records. 2.1.1 General Review ThereRead MoreThe Sale of Goods Act 1979833 Words   |  3 PagesThe main 4 main sections that are considered as the heart of the statutory control of the Act are the below points: Section 12: The right to sell goods Section 13: Compliance with description Section 14: Satisfactory Quality Section 15: Sale by Sample These points are implied to all contracts of sale equally to a business to business contract worth millions or consumer purchasing single items from small shops. -Section 12(1): The seller has the right to sell the goods at the time the propertyRead MoreThe Effect Of Fine Arts On Standardized Tests Scores993 Words   |  4 Pageslargest issues with fine arts implementation is the narrow effects. Garcia et. al conducted research that attempted to determine the effect fine arts have on standardized test scores. The researchers found that specific students attending schools with dense fine arts programs scored higher on the state standardized test; however, this improvement does not imply that fine arts will effectively cure the education decline. When analyzing the results, one sees that the fine arts mainly affect one groupRead MoreWhy Majors Are Hard To Find A Job809 Words   |  4 Pageshow hard it is for people that went in a different career path then I did is struggling to find a job. Looking at ZIPPIA the career expert’s webpage, they created a list of the top 10 majors that are not doing so well form the Public use Microdat a sample (PUMS) form the U.S. Census Bureau. To figure out what majors where struggling in the job market, ZIPPIA used the data from the PUMS they took the employed versus the unemployed they came up with a percentage for each failing major. The first on theirRead MoreThe Requirements Of The Nclb Act Failing1617 Words   |  7 Pagestime for reading and mathematics † since the passing of the NCLB Act (Cawelti 65). The instructional time for english language and math is constantly increasing, while the sciences and arts are decreasing (Heafner and Fitchett 68). In 2006 a gallup poll, an assessment of public opinion based on a representative sample, was taken to determine if the general public was concerned with the lack of variety in subjects other than math and english. The results demonstrated that the public was ‘a great deal’Read MorePre K Kindergarten Learners Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthis stage their fine motor skills are still under development, mea ning holding a pencil, cutting out paper with scissors, buttoning shirts, zippers, pasting objects, picking up little objects, even though several of their fine motor skills are developed, strategies need to continue to develop them further, hence the hands-on activities. Most children at this age are capable of communicating their needs and wants, and interact with other children. Social skills are as important as fine and gross motorRead MorePre K Kindergarten Learners Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesthis stage their fine motor skills are still under development, meaning holding a pencil, cutting out paper with scissors, buttoning shirts, zippers, pasting objects, picking up little objects, even though several of their fine motor skills are developed, strategies need to continue to develop them further, hence the hands-on activities. Most children at this age are capable of communicating their needs and wants, and interact with other children. Social skills are as important as fine and gross motorRead MoreThe Connection Between Sleep And One Specific Kind Of Performance1358 Words   |  6 Pageseducational performance, of university students. Population and sample The population designated for this research study was second year and third year undergraduate students at a private university called Sunway University, which is located in Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. The research study will be executed only for second year and third year undergraduate students of department of communication and liberal arts under faculty of arts in Sunway University. Sunway University was selected as itRead MoreEssay on Having a Career in Fashion Design1260 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctions. They supervise design room staff. Those with less experience may be responsible for small divisions or specialized garments. Assistant designers are generally all-around assistants and designers. They make first patterns and samples or may supervise sample makers. â€Å" They work together with their directors on their sketches, and help put together their catalogs.†(Baron, pg 73) Specialty designers work with other designers to coordinate special lines of clothing, such as sweaters. They oftenRead MoreAnalysis Of Arts And Music In Music And Education1524 Words   |  7 Pageslooking at a comparable sample of countries that participated in the PISA exam in both 2012 and 2015, the US ranking fell from 28th to 35th in math. While the ranking for reading and science stayed the same, it remained below the OECD average. (PISA,2015) Administrators and Politicians have many tough choices on how to rectify this growing problem, while experiencing severe budget cuts. In the past, they felt was it needed to concentrate on the core subjects and delete all art and music programs

Drawing and Anatomy The Shoulder Girdle and Forearm Essay Example For Students

Drawing and Anatomy: The Shoulder Girdle and Forearm Essay Duration: About four hours. Materials needed: Toned paper, White and black pencils. Criteria for success: Your drawing must include a single light source and a well-constructed composition. Your value Structure should contain all the elements mentioned in the lecture. Your drawing should also illustrate carrying angles found in the bones and muscles shown in the dissection casts in the library. Review Questions Name all three parts of the Pectorals Major? Can you find the Brainchild? Can you find the Biceps or (Biceps brainchild)? Can you find the Trips? Can you find the Trapezium? Can you find the lesser muscles to the scapula? (Infatuates, Trees Major, Trees Minor. Can you name and fined a Floor and Extensor muscle in your Forearm? Name all three parts of the Deltoid? Brachia Origin: Halfway down the anterior surface of the hummers, it also roles around the lateral side as well. Insertion: The anterior surface of the ulna just below the trachea notch. Action: Flexes the arm. Biceps or (Biceps brainchild) Long head: Supra-solenoid tubercle. Short head: Carotid process. Insertion: Common Tubercle Of the Radius Bacterial penurious Flexes forearm and rotates radius Pectorals Major origin: Clavicle: The inferior surfaces of the medial half of the clavicle. Stereoscopes: Sternum, erects abdomens and the cartilage of ribs 5-7. Abdominal: 7th rib. The lateral lip of the bacterial groove to the hummers. Clavicle: Helps raise and flex the arm. Stereoscopes: Adducts the arm and medially rotates the arm as well. Abdominal: pulls down the arm. Deltoid Clavicle: Lateral bottom 3rd Of the clavicle. Charcoal: The out side border Of the accordion. Posterior: The lower edge of the spine of the scapula. Insertion: Common The deltoid tuberoses halfway down the hummers. Clavicle: Draws the arm forward rotates it inward. Charcoal: Raises the arm. Posterior: Draws arm backward and rotates it outward. Origin: Lateral Head: Just below the head of the Hummers on the backside ending halfway down, Triceps Long Head: Infra-solenoid tubercle. Medial Head: The lower portion of the back of the hummers On the Electron. Powerfully extends the forearm. Trapezium The Occipital bone Nepal Ligament, down the copious processes from C I to T Lateral 3rd of the clavicle, Accordion pros. spin of the Scapula. Extends and rotates the head, Elevates the shoulder Blades and hoists the trunk.

Police Organization free essay sample

The function of policing is to provide overall public safety. The goal is to deter and prevent crime by monopolizing police units. There are various types of police agencies at the local, state, and federal level. The United States has one of the most complex law enforcement systems because of the various levels of their policing agencies. Within the united States, each state, city, county, town, and Incorporated village has its own policing agency. Although there are various policing agencies, the structural organization Is similar because all law enforcement agencies have the name objective. The organizations of the polling agencies are hierarchical. Police Institutions can be analyzed Like organizations with several key components (Alveolar, 2008, Pl l. They are designed with rank structure, separate departments and units. These components work together to form a fully functioning law enforcement agency. There are various types of local agencies. Examples of local agencies are city, county, town, and incorporated village police. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These agencies work to ensure safety at the local level. There are many different roles and functions of the local police agencies.Local police enforcement is responsible for performing many routine activities. These duties include, patrolling the neighborhood community, enforcing the law, providing emergency services, conducting investigations, and upholding community relations. Local police are not responsible for enforcing the law out of their Jurisdiction (Congressional Digest, 1965, IPPP). Therefore, assistant is needed at a higher level. At the state level there are also various agencies. These agencies include state and port authority police. State police agencies have many roles to help carry out the law.State agencies are responsible for keeping the area within the state safe. State agencies are also in charge of up keeping the safety and security of our highways and states parks. State and local agencies share many of the same responsibilities. The state police also perform criminal investigations, and try to uphold public relations. The major difference between local and state police agencies are their resources, budgets, and perimeters. At the federal level, the agencies consist of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), United States Marshal Service (SUMS), and united States Border Patrol (SUBS)/ United States Customs. There are many crimes that are assigned specially to federal agencies. The federal agencies are responsible for major criminal investigations. The FBI role as they relate to the law are to Investigate and prevent crimes on a federal level. These crimes Include, drug trafficking, terrorism, and extortion. The SUMS role In upholding the law Is to apprehend fugitives. The SUBS Is charged with preventing the migration of Illegal aliens from different countries. They are also responsible for the safety of our Inbound passengers. They monitor the passengers currency and any Illegal contraband In their possession.They also have to Inspect alarm and ocean cargo. These federal agencies work together to Investigate and prosecute those who commit major crimes within the boundaries of the united States (Congressional Digest, 1965, responsibilities because they are all in charge of supporting and enforcing the law. What define these agencies their resources, Jurisdictions, funding, and operations. In an ever changing society the roles and functions of the various types of policing agencies will continue to change to adapt to our evolving society.

Which High School Electives Should You Take

Which High School Electives Should You Take SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Electives are some of the coolest classes you can take in high school. They can cover almost any topic, from pottery to poetry to Portuguese, but just like any other course you take in high school, colleges will be looking at your electives to see which classes you chose and the grades you got in them. So which high school electives should you take, exactly? In this guide we'll cover how to choose electives that you both enjoy and can use as a way to strengthen your college applications. What Are Electives? Electives are classes students can take that are not specifically part of graduation requirements. High schools require students to complete a certain number of credits or hours in order to graduate, but core classes (such as English and math) don't fill all those hours, so you fill the free spaces in your schedule with electives. Why Are Electives Important? Like other high school classes, electives are a way for colleges to judge your interests and academic abilities. College admissions officers will be looking at which subjects you choose for electives and the grades you get in those courses. Electives, more than many other courses, offer a way to show your personality and interests to a school. For example, taking English your freshman year of high school doesn't tell colleges much about your personality because you probably had to take it (although the rigor of the course and the grade you got do tell them about your academic abilities). However, taking several painting classes or multiple courses in computer programming as electives can show colleges what you're passionate about. In addition to bolstering college applications, electives can also play a role in helping you discover new hobbies or career interests. Because electives cover such a wide variety of topics, they can introduce you to subjects you may not otherwise have learned about, and you may find some of those subjects really cool! For example, taking an elective in nutrition because you want to learn how to eat healthier could cause you to discover a passion for diet and well-being that leads to a career as a dietitian, nurse, or other health careprofession. It's possible for you to choose your career based on one really great elective you took in high school! Looks like somebody really enjoyed their animal science elective Examples of Commonly Offered Electives The options students have for electives can vary widely between high schools, due to a number of factors like location, financial resources, size of the student body, and student interests. Below are a few of the most commonly offered high school electives, organized by category. Computer science: programming, graphic design, web design English: journalism, creative writing, speech and debate Family and consumer science: nutrition, child development, culinary courses Math and Science: environmental science, zoology, astronomy, statistics Social Studies: psychology, anthropology, economics Visual and Performing Arts: drawing, painting, photography, choir, band Looking for even more electives? We've compiled a complete list of high school electives so you can see all the possibilities! How Can You Decide Which Electives to Take? So now that you know electives are cool and important, how do you decide which ones to study? Follow these 5 steps to figure out which electives are best for you! Step 1: Learn Which Electives Your School Offers To find this information, look through your school's course catalog, which most high schools send to students or have available on their website. If you can't find the course catalog, ask your guidance counselor for a copy. Course catalogs list every class a school offers, usually with a 2-3 sentence description for each class. Courses are usually organized by subject (such as math, science etc.) so the electives may not all be grouped together. It's a good idea to at least skim through each section and course description to make sure you know all your options. Even if you don't love you science, your school may offer science electives on topics you find interesting, such as marine biology or forensic science. Electives are a great chance to go beyond your normal academic boundaries! Step 2: Figure Out How Many Electives You'll Be Able to Take If your school doesn't automatically do this,either on your own or with your guidance counselor,draw up a rough plan of the classes you need to take in order to graduate. To figure this out, firstlook at your high school’s graduation requirements. High schools usually require that students complete a certain number of years of math, science, English, social studies, foreign language, and physical education classes, possibly along with some other courses like religion or health. Makeblank spaces to represent the number of classes you can take (for example, if you have eight class periods in a day and your school year is divided into semesters, make a column for each semester of high school you have left and put eight lines under each of those semesters). But I've got a blank space baby, and I'll write your (course) name. Image via Taylor Swift Blank Space Next, fill in each of the required classes you must take. You don't need to know specificcourses right now. If you know you need three years of science to graduate, write â€Å"science† in a blank space under six different semesters. Thenlook at entrance requirements for a few colleges you are interested in and add any additional courses you’ll need to take in order to meet those requirements. Remember to leave room for lunch! Afteryou have filled in all your required classes (it’s a good idea to check your plan over with your guidance counselor), the blank spaces you have left will be when you can take electives! This planning will give you a rough idea of how many electives you'll be able to take in high school. Maybe you have free space every semester and will be able to take a lot of electives, or maybe your required courses take up most of your schedule so you'll only be able to take a few. This is good information to know early because if you know you won't be able to take a lot of electives, you can make those you do take count by choosing the electives you're most interested in.It also prevents you from taking too many electives early on and running out of space for your required classes. Step 3: Decide How Rigorous You Want Your Electives to Be Are you applying to top schools and want your electives to behigh-level or AP courses? Or would you like your electives to be spaces in your schedule that are less demanding and give you more time to focus on other classes? Ifyou're applying to competitive schools and want to show you had a rigorous course load throughout high school, choose honors or AP courses for electives, or possibly higher-level foreign language classes. Some commonAP courses to take as electives include environmental science, statistics, and psychology. Electivesdon’t always need to be demanding courses though, especially if you are already balancing other difficult classes, perhaps with extracurricular activities or a job on top of that. Don'ttake particularly difficult or time-consuming electives if they will cause your grades in core classes to suffer. To decide, think honestly aboutthe competitiveness of the schools you’d like to attend and the amount of time you’ll have in order to determine how difficult the electives you take should be. You can also alternate between harder and less difficult electives, especially if you know a certain year or semester will be more difficult than others. Step 4: Look for Electives Related to Your Academic Focus A good way to develop a strong college application is to have a clear interest in a particular subject (most likely the topic you plan to study in college). This subject can be anything: biology, writing, playing the piano, computer programming... Colleges like to see passion and dedication to a specific topic, and electives are a great way to show them what your interests are. Choose electives that relate to your main academic focus. For example,if you want to major in business, you could take electives in economics, personal finance, and accounting, or if you want to go to med school, you can make sure to take the main AP science courses (AP biology, chemistry, and physics) along with additional science electives like human physiology and nutrition. Not all ofyour electives need to relate to your academic focus, and it’s fine to have more than one area of interest, but at least some of your electives should relate to what you’d like to study in the future to help show colleges that you are well-educated on the subject and are interested in learning a lot about it. Gothrough your school’s list of electives and mark all the ones that relate to your academic focus. Then read through their descriptions to see which ones you find most interesting so you know what electives to take in the future. Step 5: Look for Electives You Find Particularly Interesting As Imentioned above, electives don't always need to relate to your academic focus; it's OKto take a few that just sound cool. Read through your school's course catalog with an open mind, asking yourself the following questions: Do Any of These Electives Relate to Your Hobbies? For example, if you like playing video games, you can take a class incomputer programming, or, if you like fashion, you can take a class in sewing or fashion design.Students oftenget higher grades in classes they're interested in because they are more motivated to learn and study the material. Which Skills Do You Wish You Had? Do you not know how to cook? Do you get nervous speaking in front of audiences? Would you like to know what to do if your car breaks down? Are you thinking about writing a blog but don't know how to start? Electives can help with all of these things! High school is a great time to learn new skills before you head off to college. Some electives that can help you expand your skill set include web design, public speaking, personal finance, and culinary classes. Can Any of the Electives You're Interested in Also Relate to Your Academic Focus? You can get creative with how you connect your electives to what you plan to study in college.When I was in high school,I knew I was going to study biology in college, so most of my electives were science classes. However, I also took a photography class because I thought it sounded interesting. To connect the class to my interest in biology, my final project was a photo catalog of a local forest's tree species that I ended up later using for a biology project on biodiversity. Ifyou do choose to do something like this, make the connection clear for colleges because they may not be able to infer it themselves.Youcan do this by mentioning the connection in your personal statement or asking teachers to include it in their letter of recommendation. Remember,not every elective has to relate to your academic focus, and don’t try to invent connections where none exist. Any of these interest you? Take an electivethat focuses on one of them! Key Takeaways High school electives are important because they offer you a chance to study new topics while providing colleges with another example of your academic abilities and interests. Colleges like to see a deep interest in a particular topic, so at least some of your electives should relate to your academic focus (and remember, there are creative ways to do this.) Also remember to choose electives youare legitimately interested inbecause electives are one of the few areas in high school where you can take pretty much any course you want! What's Next? Looking for a list of all the electives that are offered in high schools? We've got a complete list of electivesfor you! Browse through it to see which subjects strike your fancy. Also thinking about which foreign language to take? Read our complete guide to choosing a foreign language so you know which is the best language for you to study. Considering the AP or IB program? Learn the differences between the two and which program you should take. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Lesothosaurus - Facts and Figures

Lesothosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Lesothosaurus (Greek for Lesotho lizard); pronounced leh-SO-tho-SORE-us Habitat: Plains and woodlands of Africa Historical Period: Early Jurassic (200-190 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet long and 10-20 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; large eyes; bipedal posture; inability to chew About Lesothosaurus Lesothosaurus dates from a murky time in geologic historythe early Jurassic periodwhen the first dinosaurs had just split into the two main dinosaur groups, saurischian (lizard-hipped) and ornithischian (bird-hipped) dinosaurs. Some paleontologists insist that the small, bipedal, plant-eating Lesothosaurus was a very early ornithopod dinosaur (which would place it firmly in the ornithischian camp), while others maintain that it predated this important split; yet a third camp proposes that Lesothaurus was a basal thyreophoran, the family of armored dinosaurs that includes stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. One thing we do know about Lesothosaurus is that it was a confirmed vegetarian; this dinosaurs narrow snout had a beak-like appearance on the end, equipped with about a dozen sharp teeth in front and many more leaf-like, grinding teeth in the back. Like all early dinosaurs, Lesothosaurus was unable to chew its food, and its long hind legs indicate that it was very fast, especially when being pursued by larger predators. However it winds up being classified, Lesothosaurus isnt the only ancestral dinosaur of the early Jurassic period that has continued to puzzle paleontologists. Lesothosaurus may or may not have been the same creature as Fabrosaurus (the remains of which were discovered much earlier, thus giving the name Fabrosaurus precedence if the two genera wind up being merged, or synonymized), and it may also have been ancestral to the equally obscure Xiaosaurus, yet another tiny, basal ornithopod native to Asia.

British imperialism and Kipling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

British imperialism and Kipling - Essay Example Dravot being singled out as "neither God nor Devil but a man!" (p, 67). The result of their action was hostility from the natives. In a similar way, the ambitions and fantasy of the British was similar to that of Peachy and Danny. Danny and Peachy through their ill ambitions, sets off for to a foreign land of Kafiristan, â€Å"where no white man has ever been since Alexander the Great† (p, 18), in pursuit of power and wealth. This explains various British Imperialist in many parts of the world such a in Africa and India where they acquired colonies. Similarly the tendencies of the British Imperialist ended as altruism surface faded under the need to conquer and exploit natives. This was the case of Carnehan and Dravot in their fantasy. Nonetheless, the Britain strategy differs in strategy to achieve the common goal. As exemplified in the paper and looking at the events that unfolded in the book Kipling had a contradicting opinion to the subject of imperialism. More specifically, the work of Kipling explores the power tied to imagination. In other words, he dislocates or deviates from reality and concentrates on fantasy. The very attribute and structure of his work explores the coinciding binary that exist between reality and fantasy. Kipling is rather negative concerning to the imperialist mission and its detrimental impact. In Kipling view, Imperialist actions had various negative consequences. This explains his attitude towards "the

Interview methods for children as eyewitnesses Essay

Interview methods for children as eyewitnesses - Essay Example The special circumstances under which children may be interviewed such that their testimony yields credible, admissible evidence requires special support in recent legal reforms. For this reason, advances in legislation in many countries have greatly improved the manner in which children are interviewed in court.1 This is because young children above the age of 5 are highly susceptible to suggestive influences that may affect the credibility of their testimony in court. Suggestibility of very young children Bruck, Ceci, Francoeur & Barr 2 studied the influence of postevent suggestion on children’s accounts of their visit to the doctor. After their DPT shots, children were given one of three types of feedback: (1) that the shot hurt (pain affirming); (2) that it did not hurt (pain denying); and (3) that the shot is over (neutral). One year after, the children were again visited, and were again given either pain denying or neutral feedback in three separate visits. They were als o given either misleading or non-misleading information about the actions of the nurse and doctor. Children given pain denying feedback reported that they did not cry or hardly at all, and said the shot did not hurt, or at least hurt less than the children who received neutral feedback. Also, children who were given misleading information about the actions of the nurse and doctor made more false allegations about their actions than children not given misleading information. ... The study showed that timing of the misinformation affected the memories of single and repeated events, depending on the combination of event-misinformation and misinformation-test delays rather than overall retention interval. In the study by Milne and Bull,4 and that of Holliday,5 the objective was to examine if the cognitive interview would enhance the recall of events when used with children, and whether the cognitive interview increased children’s resistance to suggestive questions. (The cognitive interview focuses on the cognitive processes respondents use to answer survey questions, and the interview is held in some private location such as a laboratory environment.6) In the experiment, eight to ten year old children were shown a video recording of a magic show. The following day they were interviewed individually, some using cognitive interview and some using structured interview. A pre-set list of leading or suggestive questions was given to the children either before or after the interview. The findings were that the children who were interviewed using the cognitive interview had a better and more accurate recall of significantly more details. They were also more resistant to suggestive questions subsequently asked. The study established that the cognitive interview was found to comprise a reliable interviewing technique that enhance recall and enables children to be more resistant to the influence of misleading and suggestive questions. There were implications in other studies. For instance, it was found that both true and false memories tended to increase with age, but did not differ for children who were maltreated as against those who were not.7 Also, suggestibility effects were

Two Lobbies At A Glance Essay Example for Free

Two Lobbies At A Glance Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among the many hotels in Toronto, I decided to compare two hotels on nearly the same 3-star rating grade but with big contrasts. I decided to compare Marriot Residence Inn Hotel and the Drake Hotel. The Drake Hotel, located a bit distant from downtown, got a three and a half star rating for five floors of well-planned rooms, with attractively decorated interior and fun entertainment venues that makes it a hip destination. The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel meanwhile got three star ratings and is centrally located in the downtown making it an ideal destination for business travelers, vacationers and families. It is also located near the famous CN Tower and you can even book a room with panoramic view. Their room prices are different as well with the Marriot Residence Hotel’s room tagged at $232 per night and the Drake Hotel’s room priced at $191 per night. Both hotels boasts of hi-tech facilities, equipment and extensive amenities suited to the interest of the majority of their guests. Both hotels are also voted among the top ten most popular hotels in Toronto with the Residence Inn bagging the top place and the Drake Hotel in the top nine out of a hundred hotels. Both are popular to tourists although the choice of hotel between the two is driven ultimately by their personalities that are often in contrast too.   The hotel lobbies described and differentiated below became a window then to their distinct style of servicing their clients. The cozy lobby of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel (Downtown) against the adventurously hip lobby of the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first thing you will notice upon entering the lobby of one of the most popular hotel in Toronto, Marriot Residence Inn, is the cozy ambiance, clean interior and coordinated colors. The red seats are comfortable and the wooden wall panels create a warm atmosphere. The lobby of Drake Hotel is meant to catch the attention of the adventurous and art lovers. The couches are soft and got a lived-in look to it. The chairs are not matching and there are edgy and colorful art pieces that are included in the lobby. The dà ©cor is meant to vibrate a hip, inviting and cool hotel for those who want that kind of lifestyle. The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel provides better guests reception than those in Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The front desk team of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel is friendly and quick to assist you with your bags and to your room. They are professional but very welcoming that it makes guests feel comfortable instantly. The front desk team of Drake Hotel is helpful and friendly too. However, they seem to lack additional personnel to attend to the guests that are coming in and out. At few times, they let the guests drag their own bags in and make them wait since the reception is busy. Since many of the personnel of Drake Hotel are young, some had attitude in servicing their guests while some are very courteous to everyone. Some complaints on the guest stays are the noisy delivery at the morning of beer supplies and the pulsing beat of the jammed crowd at weekends. The guests of Drake Hotel are mainly composed of art-lovers and young, adventurous ones while the guests of Marriot Residence Inn are mainly composed of family vacationers, professionals and mature tourists.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps it’s the neighborhood around Drake Hotel that made it a popular choice for the hip and the artsy. The Drake Hotel has a hangout bar at its rooftop, lounge and club. It is also near famous bars and within the art community that gladly supports them. The guests of Marriot Residence Inn are treated the classy and comforting hotel amenities and downtown entertainments located around the Marriott while the hotel guests of Drake Hotel are subjected to fast, hip and fun events within the hotel itself.   The CN Tower, which is the tallest vertical structure in the world, stands within the view of the Marriot Residence Hotel while the Drake Hotel boasts of a very interesting art community and buzzing nightlife. The peace and quiet of the Marriot Residence Inn is more relaxing than the vibrant buzz of life in the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If a guest is looking for a relaxing stay and envisioned sublime peace in their hotels then Drake Hotel is not for them Marriot Residence Inn is more suited to the mentioned objective of peace and quiet since the Marriot Residence offers hotel rooms, classy restaurant and a high-end bar. Drake Hotel meanwhile, is the spot for three very famous and very crowded nightspots in Toronto thus noise level and activity buzz is high. One guest stated that when he complained about the noise, he was given an earplug owned by the staff so as he could get a night of sleep. The Marriot Residence Hotel is much suited for family than the Drake Hotel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Drake Hotel has a menu of pleasure toys discreetly displayed in the lobby while the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel offers a comfortable and quiet stay. Since the focus of Drake Hotel seemed to be more on the entertainment areas rather than the hotel rooms, it is often jammed with people having a nightlife rather than of guests who are looking for a good bed to rest and a quiet room to sleep into. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many phases in one’s life that one has varying interests and goals. Therefore the timing of choosing one hotel between the two is dependent on the interests of the guests. The Drake Hotel is much suited to the young, hip and outgoing personalities who like to be around art, jamming, nightlife and entertainment. While the Marriot Residence Inn hotel boasts of world-class excellence and quality service that they provide to those who can afford it.  Ã‚   Staying in either of these two hotels is enjoyable as long as your needs are met, your expectations exceeded and the moments you stayed there are hassle-free and enjoyable for you and your companions. Reference: Toronto Hotels. (2008) Trip Advisor. Retrieved January 25, 2008 from http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotels-g155019-Toronto_Ontario-Hotels.html Thesis Outline Two Lobbies At A Glance Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both are nearly in the same 3-star rating. Both are located in tourist interests areas. However some differences are noted upon observation of their distinctive lobbies. Point One: The cozy lobby of the Marriot Residence Inn Hotel (Downtown) against the adventurously hip lobby of the Drake Hotel. Marriots Residence Inn’s cozy ambiance, clean interior and coordinated colors Drake Hotel offers colorful art pieces and dà ©cor Point Two: The Marriot Residence Inn Hotel provides better guests reception than those in Drake Hotel. The friendly staff of Marriots Residence Inn The busy and young personnel of Drake Hotel Point 3: The guests of Drake Hotel are mainly composed of art-lovers and young, adventurous ones while the guests of Marriot Residence Inn are mainly composed of family vacationers, professionals and mature tourists. The Drake Hotel has a hangout bar at its rooftop, lounge and club. The guests of Marriot Residence Inn are treated the classy and comforting hotel amenities and downtown entertainments located around the Marriott Point 4. The peace and quiet of the Marriots Residence Inn is more relaxing than the vibrant buzz of life in the Drake Hotel. Drake Hotel‘s high noise level and activity buzz. Marriot Residence offers hotel rooms, classy restaurant and a high-end bar. Point 5: The Marriots Residence Hotel is much suited for family than the Drake Hotel. The Drake Hotel has a menu of pleasure toys discreetly displayed in the lobby Marriots Residence Inn Hotel offers a comfortable and quiet stay for whole family. Conclusion The timing of choosing one hotel between the two is dependent on the interests and preference of the guests.   Staying in either of these two hotels is enjoyable as long as your needs are met, your expectations exceeded and the moments you stayed there are hassle-free and enjoyable for you and your companions.

Internet and Personal Privacy Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Internet and Personal Privacy In the world of today most records can be easily accessed by a home computer. Even Governmental records can be viewed. Some believe this has benefits, while others are screaming about invasion of privacy. Heated debates can go on for many hours about this topic. Each side has people who devote all their time and energy to see their side of the argument prevail. The Freedom of Information Act which was established in 1966 states that all people shall have access to federal records. This allows the public to be kept abreast of the workings in the government. Any person may request a document, which the government must present, however, the government can not synthesize a document. It is even possible to order these records on the World Wide Web. The father of the Freedom of Information Act, John E. Moss, "believed that citizens have a right to the information gathered with their tax money and that enforcing that right is essential to maintaining a democracy. " There are many types of records, which can be obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, and most can be viewed with a computer. Many believe this empowers people. Yet, there are many people who do not understand the powers that are granted with the Freedom of Information Act. The church of Scientology has taken on the responsibility of informing people. The church does not only inform the citizens of the United States, but also peoples of other countries. On the side for freedom of information is Attorney James H. Lesar, "Lesar is widely recognized as one of the nation’s preeminent attorneys in the Freedom of Information arena. " He "has obtained the release of approximately 1 million pages of documents, primarily from the ... ...ights Leadership Profile: James H. Lesar, Crusader for Freedom of Information. [Online]. Available: http://freedomontheinternet.org/lesar.htm [2001. March 5]. Electronic Privacy Information Center. (1999). In Open Government. [Online]. Available: www.epic.org/open_gov/ [2001. March 5]. Export-Import Bank of the United States. (2001). In Freedom of Information Act. [Online]. Available: www.exim.gov/foia.html [2001. March 5]. National Information Infrastructure Task Force. (1997). Options for Promoting Privacy on the National Information Infrastructure. [Online]. Available: www.privacyexchange.org/lss/reports/niiprivacy.html [2001. March 5]. Welch, S. & Gruhl, J. & Comer, J. & Rigdon, S. & Steinman, M. (1999). American Government (7th ed.). California: West/Wadsworth. This document may be accessed at http://www.student.lssu.edu/~kmontagu

Genetic Engineering ethics

Genes are what code particular traits and characteristics and are the influence to health and disease. Ongoing advances are now making It available for parents to genetically modify Implanted embryos aiding In the creation of ‘designer babies'. In my essay I am going to discuss the case of a Bristles couple that will have Britain's first designer baby. I will cover the ethical Issues regarding the topic of genetic engineering and also theories of Kantian Ethics and utilitarianism to Justify If genetic engineering is morally right.A British couple has bypassed strict laws in Britain for genetic screening by traveling o America and undergoing treatment which costs 80,000 in order to conceive their desired child, in the hope to save their sick 4-year-old son who is recovering from Leukemia. Experts at the Reproductive Genetics Institute based in Chicago did IVY Treatment on the mother and then screened embryos to find a good bone marrow match for the British couple's son, should h e relapse and need a transplant.Doctors will collect blood from the umbilical cord, which Is rich In stem cells that have the ability to repopulate bone marrow. This has been a controversial case where It Is questionable If science has pushed the boundaries too much The key ethical issues explored in this case include, whether it is fair for parents to manipulate the genes of their children for particular traits when the child themselves cannot give consent, does selecting for certain traits pose health risks that would have not been apparent otherwise and will new forms of inequality arise due to genetic aristocracy.The key ethical issue I am looking at is whether it is morally right for parents to be allowed to create designer babies, is it a step towards scientific success or the pushing of scientific boundaries? Kantian ethics was a theory developed by Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804), he believed In the respect for persons, that no one should be treated as a means to an end only. As R eaches and Reaches (2010) state, the only way human beings can have a moral goodness is to act from a good will as if it is a sense of duty.Can (2002) supports this by saying that Kant considered it a duty to treat people with respect because of their freedom and to encourage the pursuit of individual's ends because it has been their free choice. Therefore treating them as an end and never only as a means, as hat is considered as manipulating and using people to get to your desires. Another important part of Kantian Ethics was the idea of an action being applied universally.Christians, Fickler, McKee, Crusher and Woods (2009) state â€Å"what is right for one is right for all† (p. 15). According to Kant he believed that before you acted you would have to question whether you would apply this action universally and allow everyone to do It as well, If so the act would be accepted and If not the act would be disallowed. Reaches and Reaches (2010) support this by saying, † being a moral agent, hen, means gulden ones conduct by universal laws – moral rules that hold without exception in all circumstances† (p. 29). Undergoing genetic engineering, it is known that Kant believed that if an action was to be Justified it should be able to be applied universally. Applying this British couples action universally would mean that it would be Justified for every family having children to genetically modify their babies genes by using embryo screening technology. In this case it would be a good outcome as it allows security for both the parents and especially the 4-year-old son who could possibly have a relapse.However Kant would not agree to apply it universally as it would allow all couples to under go embryo screening where not only you can screen for genetic disease but also determine what gender, hair type, eye color type and height levels your child would be, there would be families who would abuse this scientific technology to create the most genetically superior child. Another reason why Kant would not support the actions of this British family is because he believed that you should never treat someone as a means to an end.Kant thought it was a duty to treat people with respect because of their freedom. However in the case the designer child has given no consent in the matter in being the savior child for the older son, incase he is in need of a transplant. Instead of the parents promoting the idea of letting their newborn child have a life where the respect of its own rights are more important, it now has to live a life knowing that its own internal body parts and organs will be used incase of a relapse for the sick sibling. Consequentially this child is therefore used as a means to an end.Although the designer child is promoting its siblings welfare and putting its own needs before its own, this child has had no freedom of hooch and the parents are solely thinking about the consequences and the positive outcomes this designer child will create. Kant would conclude that the parents of the designer baby are morally wrong and their actions weren't Justified. Utilitarianism takes a very different approach to Kantian ethics as it is essentially determined by what will produce the best consequences and increase overall happiness and the least amount of evil in the world.There are two main types of Utilitarianism, one is Classical Utilitarianism and the other is Rule Utilitarianism. The preferences between the two are that Act Utilitarian's Judge an action based on the consequences of it, whereas Rule Utilitarian's Judge the action as a rule and what would happen if everyone lived by it. However both forms can be summarized into three propositions. The first proposition is all actions can be Judged right or wrong, dependent on their consequences.Reaches and Reaches (2010) state that to determine whether an action is right or wrong you should look at the results and consequences of that action, if it ha s produced the most happiness for the greatest amount of people then therefore it is right and nothing else matters. Christians, Fickler, McKee, Crusher and Woods (2009) discuss the second proposition for utilitarianism as a calculation for the consequences of each option available and then question whether there is a greater amount of harm or greater amount of good in the lives that would be affected.Once actions have been Judged we then are morally obliged to choose the option with has the greatest amount of happiness and least amount of unhappiness. The third proposition urges that everybody happiness is stating â€Å"right actions are those that produce the greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness, with each person's happiness counted as equally important† (109). Looking at this case from a Utilitarian view, its shows to have very different perspectives than Kantian Ethics.The Utilitarianism approach supports the act of the British couple with creating a genetically modified child in the aid of their 4-year-old son, as they believe that actions should be Judged on their consequences. The act of which the British couple chose to make was to genetically screen and then choose an embryo with the perfect bone marrow gene to help save their son recovering from Leukemia should he need a transplant.The consequences of which this act has are to help save the life of the young 4-year-old child and create security for the family, knowing they would have two healthy children. Another reason why Utilitarian's will support the actions of this couple is because it has created the greatest amount of happiness. In this case the people who would be truly happy are the parents, as a sense of security has been created from the designer child and also the sick four- year-old son would be very happy as well as he gets to live a healthier life knowing he as the transplants available should he need them.However the only person who would be unhappy could be the desig ner child as it is being used without giving consent but that would not matter as Utilitarian's also believe that everyone's happiness is equal, so therefore no ones happiness is more important than the others. Utilitarian's are more concerned about the consequences of an action than the motives and intentions therefore the action of the parents creating a designer child would be considered morally right as the consequences of this action leads to a greater amount of happiness than unhappiness.From a Utilitarian perspective Parents would be considered morally right in allowing to create designer babies as it can be used to eradicate life threatening diseases that are identified in an embryo and also create a more powerful race where everyone can do what they set their mind which would lead to a greater amount of good in the lives of people. In conclusion, I have explored the ethical issues surrounding this case and whether it is morally right for parents to be allowed to create desi gner babies.Through the theories of Kantian Ethics and Utilitarianism I have come to form my own opinion that signer babies are unnecessary, although they may save lives it is impossible to justify who needs the designer baby and who doesn't. Kantian Ethics would oppose the creation of designer babies because it effectively neglects an individuals freedom and is something that can't be deemed as a universal rule and Utilitarianism supports it as the consequences create the greatest amount of happiness and least amount of unhappiness for the family.

Childbirth and Development Essay

1-1.2 Connections between development and learning There is a strong connection between development and learning as children need to develop certain skills in order to learn and also the motivation to learn something new can help a child develop further skills. For example, for a baby to learn to walk there needs to be a level of coordination and growth and therefore by learning to walk has improved both the child’s physical development and recognotion. Variations in the rate and sequence of development and learning All children develop at their own rates because of both genetic and environmental factors. Learning difficulties. Some children have difficulties which prevent them from learning in the same way and the causes can be medical conditions, chromosomal conditions and others are not yet understood. However, this doesnt mean that children with learning difficulties will have this problems in all areas of development. Some children will have develop some skills better than others: the ability to draw, to socialise etc. Giftedness. Some children are seen as inteligent very early. We may notice that some children tend to memorise easily and they can learn new skills very quick. This is thought to be linked with a stimulating environment and a strong „ genetic component† ( Heinemann Book). Stimulating environment and the aquisition of language. Children whom are given stimulating experiences and more opportunities are likely to develop faster. Language aquisition is strongly linked to the time children spend around adults and quality interaction. Attachment. If a child feels loevd  and safe it makes it easier to acheve their full potential. Strong relationships are the foundation for every childs development. Learning in different way. Children learn by copying from adults but also by learning from their own experiences. For todlers and babies it is actually most likely that they learn from doing rather then from being taught. The importance of play Play is an essential part of every childs development. Through play children develop skills in all ares of development. Good play helps them be happy and explore, but can also teach them about materials, social skills.† Play begins very early on in babies lives as long as they have an adult who can engage with them†. ( Heinemann book) 1-1.3 All children develop at their own rates, but some of them do because of difficultiess linked during conception, pregnancy and birth. Pre-conceptual care. Even before a baby is conceived, the quality of their parents life style can have a huge impact on their development. Future parents should think about giving up on smoking, cutting down the alcohol, taking folic acid suppliments and avoiding recreational drogs. It is also advised not to start having a family to late cause it gets harder for some women to conceive. Conception. In the moment of conception the fertilised egg will have 23 chromosomes from the father and 23 chromosomes from the mother which determine the child’s development. This mixing is actually a nature’s lottery as some medical conditions are the result of genetic combination. Pregnancy. During pregnancy the baby can be affected by the health of their mother as well as by the lifestyle. Factors that may affect the child are stress, diet and alcohol. The first 12 weeks of pregnancy are when the „foetus is most vulnerable and during this time the foetus becomes recongnisably human†.( Heinemann Book) Substance abuse. The effects of drugs can be devesting for the baby especially in the first 12 weeks but even after. All pregnant women are advised not to take any drugs unless advised to do so by a doctor. Alcohol. Alcohol can enter a babies blood streem and can have serious effects. A special condition known as Foetal Alcohol  Syndrome affect children’s cognitive development including their concentration. Infections. Some infections such as food poisoning, rubella, or sexual transmitted diseases can put the unborn at risk. Maternal health. Maternal diet. The baby needs nutrients for his/hers well-being so the diet of the mother plays an important part throughout the pregnancy. Diet is particularly important during the first 12 weeks when the lack of mineral called folic acid can cause spina bifida. Overall women dont need a special diet when they are pregnant but they need to have a balanced one. They sould also avoid eating certain foods such as unpaasteurised cheese, soft cheese and Brie, blue cheesee which can contain the bacteria listeria which can cause miscarriage, premature delivery or severe illness in a new born baby. This can also be found in some pate and smoked fish., raw or partially cooked eggs, raw and undercooked meat. Birth. Assisted birth. Most women give birth vaginally but sometimes a Caesarean section is given. A Caesarean may be planned or may have to be carried out at short notice if there are difficulties when giving birth. Birth trauma. The main danger for babies during birth is the lack of oxygen but this is relatively rare and most babies are born safely. Prematurity and multiple births. A baby’s development can be affected if they are born before the full term of pregnancy. Full term is considered to be between 38 and 42 weeks. Some babies may be premature as a result of medical intervention or mothers may go spontaaneusly into labour.survival rates for premature babies has increased as a result of technology and advances in medical understanding.the extend to which development is affected variesand is linked to how early the child is born. The last few weeks are vital for the baby as they gain weight during that period and the baby’s oragns and nervous system matures. Babies born between 35 to 38 weeks are usually mature enough to feed and breath and so long term development is not affected but babies who are born much earlier will need significant medical support in order to survive and are usually place in the incubator that is designed to keep the baby warm and safe from infection. Premature babies are at higher risk of developing hearing or sight problems and also learning  difficulties . 1-1.4 Current research The latest research into the development and learning of babies and young children centres on the brains structure and function. Now it came to light that early stimulation are vital to the child’s healthy development of the brain. Along with stimulation it also seems that sufficient sleep and a healthy diet makes a difference in allowing connection to be made. The scientific discipline that looks at the brain development is known as neuroscience. This is a relatively new area of research and has been helped by the technology of brain scans. Brain development begins well before birth. Special brain cells are called neurons and are formed between tenth and twentieth week. These cells are very important as they will eventually join together to allow the brain to fubction normally. Babies who enjoy and are stimulated and enjoy a rich environment of sensations and movement shoud develop strong and dense synapses ( „ network of connections which enable neurons to transmit electrical impulses, so passing information from one part of the brain to another† Heinemann Book) that will cope with prunning. On the other hand babies who are deprived of stimulation and language may lose out as prunning seems to take away synapses that are not used and it is now clear that these cannot be replaced later. As a result of all the research there is a strong emphasis on the early yeaars sector on creating an enabling and stimulating environament and providing good sensory opportunities for babies and toddlers.

Aristotles Ethics and Metaphysics

Aristotles Ethics and Metaphysics Aristototles metaphysics The subject ‘Ethics’ owes its origin to the work of Aristotle. The original emphasis was on the question of virtue of personality. According to Aristotle the acquisition of virtue led to a good life (Aristotle 12-14). Generally, Ethics is a topic that chronologically exposes how people should live satisfactory lives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotle’s Ethics and Metaphysics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Initially, the study was principally associated with the study of politics particularly the issue of law making which looks at how people were brought up. The study looked at this question by studying the community from which the individuals hailed from. Aristotle’s initial response to the question on how best one can live a good life was through a life of philosophy and self-reflection. He looked at the issue of ethics by looking at virtue, the good life , friendship, and political science. Virtue Aristotle is of the view that a virtue makes it possible for a thing to function well. Its function is seen as what it can do or what it emerges best in doing. He uses a sharp knife to explain this idea; a good knife is one that cuts with ease and a sharp knife is most appropriate for that definition. A man’s virtue is his personality that makes him good and which enables his to perform tasks well. For a man to function well, there are many virtues that have to be in place. These virtues may be physical or intellectual (Aristotle 45-47). His arguments are agreeable since the when it comes to the issue of talent; those who are talented in some aspects of life are best suited to their areas of interest. However much a doctor or an engineer is learned, he or she cannot perform the work of a sculptor. It is accurate that specific persons have special abilities to perform functions best than others. That is why we find that doctors who w ere trained in the same institutions over the same period of time differ in their professionalism. There is therefore someone somewhere who can undertake a certain task better than others. He divided this topic into three; moral virtue, continence, patience, and virtue, desert, and the intellectual values. He differentiates moral virtue from natural virtue. Natural virtue is said to be innate while moral virtue is acquired in the course of one’s life. A person may be born brave or calm but moral virtues are necessary to ensure that such a person acts appropriately to arising situations. Moral standards cannot be easily defined hence they have to be determined by good judgment. A good judge should have practical wisdom and should be in a position to judge well in a range of cases. Aristotle overemphasizes on moral virtue which is chiefly concerned with the correct amount of feeling. He overlooks other important factors such as the act of feeling them in the most appropriate ti me, with special reference to the right objects, to the right individuals, with the right intention, and in the correct way. He therefore fails to look at these factors in depth hence erroneous claims.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Virtuous people feel obliged to do good things and they take pleasure in undertaking such tasks without regrets or great effort, on the other hand vicious people take pleasure in doing the wrong things without uncertainty and regrets. In real life situations, to do what is right often calls for great struggle. This is because people prefer using shortcuts when doing something. When one decides to do what is good, no shortcuts can be used in most cases hence more effort is needed. On the other hand, Aristotle is mistaken when he states that those who do wrong are not hesitant and bear no remorse. Human beings have been created in way that unless one’s conscience is dead, then one still has room for remorse during and after doing wrong. He assumes that when studying the nature of virtue, one needs to have the knowledge to distinguish between the voluntary and involuntary situations (Aristotle 78-79). He for instance states that acts that are compulsory make an act to be involuntary. This is agreeable, when students are forced to be in for preps till ten o’clock, they read involuntarily since if they were to be consulted they may prefer waking up early to study and retire to bed early. His view that ignorance or error cannot be excused at all times is true. Sometimes carelessness brings about these errors. In dealing with intellectual virtues, Aristotle is of the view that moral virtues correct that part of the soul that reasons; this part can be controlled (Aristotle 123-134). When looking at the issue from a modern point of view, intellectual values do not reflect morals; the fact that one is a good mathemati cian does not imply that he or she is morally upright. On the other hand, excellence in mathematics can bring about a good life. The modern sense of morals views practical wisdom as the intellectual virtue which happens to be a moral value. He is on point when he points out that practical wisdom enables people to plan well hence choosing avenues that lead to satisfactory outcomes. When one reasons creatively, it becomes possible to predict the outcomes of an incident; one is able to point out the possible threats hence coming up with viable solutions to solve them. The Good Life A good life is defined by considering the main components that define what it entails. These are; the good for man, happiness, production and action, action and contemplation (Aristotle 178-179). The well being of human beings is determined by one’s ability to actively take part in activities in accordance to human virtues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotle’s E thics and Metaphysics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that for a human being to exist well, he or she should undertake tasks well with special reference to the specifications of individual tasks. This is what he covers in the good for man. Each job category has its own rules and for man to perfect his or her duties, the rules that are specified in such jobs have to be followed. Failure to follow these rules can result in unexpected outcomes. A happy life is one that a sensible judge can consider fortunate, it takes more than a happy state of mind to attain a good life. He hits the nail on the head by stating that factors that bring about a happy life are both external and internal, an internal factor such as courage is necessary when it comes to taking risks while an internal factor such as thinking enables one to make wise decisions. A happy person is evidently one who acts in accordance to the set rules in any task being undert aken. Under production and action Aristotle states that it is impossible to spend the entire time in undertaking actions that suit one’s needs only. At some point one is involved in producing products that will be of use to the community. For instance, industries that produce farming tools do so to make sales and get profits, farmers buying such tools will use them to produce crops which will in turn be sold and consumed. Three subjects will have gained from this, the industry, the farmers and the consumers. Action and contemplation emphasizes that a good life is as a result of intellectual activity. Clearly, happiness is attained following a combination of many factors. Intellectual activity leads to production and not necessarily happiness. Research has shown that leisure can be termed as the activity that brings about happiness; it however calls for hard work which can only be attained through intellectual capacity. With proper reasoning, one is able to put knowledge into practice hence bringing about satisfying results. One’s intellectual capability indirectly leads to happiness through the chain of events involved. Friendship His main argument here is that friendship is an essential ingredient to good life. It is defined as a virtue that is necessary for livelihood. The presence of friends makes one to make the right choices and to act right. It is seen as a bond that holds states together and with it, justice prevails (Aristotle 260-262). Aristotle chiefly discusses friendship between men since he fails to mention women. Basing arguments on his definition of friendship as the outcome of an impulse of respect and welfare, then his arguments are agreeable. The fact that he specifies what kind of friendship he discusses in his arguments, then one can confidently second him. His definition can be used to mean true friends who can go an extra mile to protect their friends. Although such kinds of friends are rare, the few that one may have can fi t well in Aristotle’s definition.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political Science A good life propels a state to survive. By this, he means that ethics are superior to political science and not the other way round. For one to determine the most appropriate form of a state, he or she should first define a good life. He sees citizens as a team of friends. He argues that the outcome of a political activity has nothing to do with the production of external goods or military supremacy (Aristotle 166-167). To some extent, his argument is agreeable; the most important function of a state is to unite people in the entire region. When there is turmoil in a given state, it is the work of the state to bring about calm. Political, social, and economical prosperity are the elements that make up a good life. Aristotle’s central idea is ethics and a good life. Ethics is seen as a main determinant of a good life. The absence of ethics indicates a bad life. Is this always the case? The answer is a big NO. It is important to note that provided that one has peace of mind, it does not matter how the person acquired the good life. The issue of abortion has been a contentious issue that has given rise to debates, whether one decides to undergo the operation depends on how one sees the life after. If one feels that she is not economically or psychologically prepared to bring forth a baby, then opting to undergo the operation would lead to a good life than if the child was born and suffer due to lack of enough money for upbringing. Aristototles metaphysics The subject matter of metaphysics bears various definitions according to Aristotle. The definitions include the study of being qua being, wisdom, or theology. He proposes that men expect to use wisdom to deal with causes and principles of issues affecting them. Wisdom is evidently necessary when it comes to dealing with life’s issues since wise people always dwell on facts rather than what they assume to be true. They do not experiment with the truth since it is already establishe d. With wisdom, one can make the right choices hence it becomes easy to deal with issues. He carefully studies these causes and principles in his work. He believes that the best thing to do before dealing with a situation is to inquire other people’s opinions (Aristotle 204). The idea of assessing previous opinions by others is logical since in most cases people build their conclusion from original work. This enables one to point out the strengths and the weaknesses of those opinions hence excluding the latter from the newly formulated ideas. He uses the word ‘qua’ to mean roughly in this subject (Aristotle 26-30). He makes a clear distinction between things that are familiar to us from those that are familiar to themselves. Here, emphasis is on the importance of having a clear understanding of things that are familiar to us and later attempt to study those that seem unfamiliar (Aristotle 98-102). This holds true for most of the subjects studied in schools. It is customary to start from the known to the unknown. Detectives start by uncovering the evident facts before uncovering the culprits. It would be hard to try and solve a mathematic problem without basics such as the formula and the steps that have to be followed in solving the problem; this is made easier if one is aware of the relationships between the different variables. Researchers need to have a good understanding of the problem before setting out to conduct their research work. Generally, the starting point of anything has to be effected by what is already known to the people. Philosophy is seen as one among many fields that studies beings. Mathematics and natural sciences also study the same but using different approaches. For a natural scientist, beings are studied as things that are controlled by nature. A mathematician will study beings in measurable and countable terms (Aristotle 201-206). Most of the subjects that are studied at school indeed study beings. Most of the topi cs will focus on the effect that a factor has on people, or how people affect a certain factor. His claims can therefore be confirmed since most studies revolve around human beings and the immediate environment. Philosophy therefore studies the causes and principles of substances just like other fields. One thing that comes out clear is that the study of beings is done in different degrees in individual fields. Substances are regarded as unique and independent things that can stand on their own. Items that form other categories are seen to depend on substances when it comes to giving an account of certain aspects in them. This, he says makes the non-substances to exist thanks to the presence of the substances (Aristotle 221-223). A unit measure of quantity such as a kilogram owes its origin to the existence of a measurable substance like sugar or salt. That is why we say ‘a kilogram of sugar or salt’ the ‘of’ in this case acts as a determinant that brings o ut the relationship between the two variables indicating that sugar is the independent variable. A house is also an independent variable. People depend on it for shelter; the house does not depend on people since it can survive without people. People on the other hand need houses to shelter them from bad weather; they may contract diseases if they are exposed to the harsh weather. Items like color are found in bodies and not vice versa. Items within a given category are also seen to have a relationship. He uses the term ‘said of’ to show that there is a relationship that exists between items in a single category. Man is seen to depend on animals and at the same time animals depend on man for existence. Both man and animal depend on a particular substance for their existence. This can hold true for some instances in life, man will depend on cow for milk and at the same time the cow will depend on man for food. Both man and the cow will depend on the weather. When it is r ainy, man will provide the food adequately but when the weather is bad, then food will be less hence the cow may not provide as much milk. The fundamental nature of a thing is how it is defined with respect to itself. He holds that when it comes to definitions, one should define the subject not words. By this he means that when it comes to defining a tiger, we should not go ahead and define the word, we should bring out the main characteristics of a tiger. The definition of any object should therefore present the essence or the characteristics that have to be in place for an animal to be regarded as a tiger. This notion is justified since when giving definitions the main characteristics of an object have to stand out for the definition to be comprehensive. When defining an insect for instance, qualities like the number of body parts and compound eyes have to be considered. The complexity of the words used in defining an object are not as important as the contents which are expected to comprehensively bring out the main characteristics of the object in question. If definitions can be given for items regardless of their category then these items have essence (Aristotle 27). In giving definition about an item, its function is also brought out. In the same way that there is an essence of man, there is also an essence of color white. Each part of a machine is an item that performs certain functions. Its presence plays a role in ensuring that the machine functions well. It is important to note that however small some things may look, they are part and parcel of the whole and it would be impossible to function without them. Despite the fact that there is a large variety of colors, some colors simply fit in some places than others. According to him, when it comes to discussing primary things as a topic on its own, then we are indirectly touching on its essence. This is because the main ideas that are likely to stem out here are its function and its main components. Th e in depth discussion focuses on the ‘something’ as a whole. When tackling the issue of food, the definition will definitely bring out the function that food plays in our day to day life, further; looking at the different types of food and their function further exposes the essence of the parts that make the whole. Although, the precise implication of this claim has brought about controversy, it is evident that Aristotle’s arguments are agreeable in as far as the essence of a substance is concerned. The main ideas presented by Aristotle in this argument are valid. This argument is brought out well when he tackles the issue off substance and definition. If we have a definable substance X having a part Y as a component, then the definition of X will include a certain quality of X say Z, Z in this case is an indirect definition of Y. The proposition of using a method of division in definitions where one begins by considering the genus from which the species to be de fined is found is justifiable. If one was to define a butterfly for instance, the first thing would be to look the characteristics that are common to all insects, as one moves from the broadest division, the characteristics of the butterfly are brought out hence contributing to the overall definition. In each of the divisions, there are certain qualities that differentiate the species. Conclusion Aristotle’s arguments on ethics are not fully justified. Some of the arguments leave unanswered questions to which answers have not been provided yet. The arguments mainly focus on the role that ethics play in as far as a good life is concerned. To live a good life, one needs to follow the specifications of a given tasks so as to attain the desired results. He overemphasizes on the role that ethics play in politics and other sectors of life. The subject of metaphysics brings out reality and arguments that are valid. Aristotle’s arguments about substances and essence are justif iable and one can easily relate them to everyday experiences, this does not however disregard his arguments concerning ethics. The latter is also applicable but some of the issues that he presents are controversial. In metaphysics, Aristotle presents his arguments in a chronological and a comprehensive manner hence the arguments can be easily understood. He can therefore be credited for his standpoints and his intellectual capacity to bring out logical definitions at a time when the resources were scarce. In comparison, the subject of metaphysics appears to have been tacked well and in a professional manner than that of ethics. The main reason for this is because most of the ideas presented in metaphysics are applicable in the modern world. Aristotle. The Nicomachean ethics of Aristotle. New York: Taylor Francis, 1954. Pp. 12-262. Aristotle. Aristotles Metaphysics. New Jersey: Clarendon Press, 1958. Pp. 26-223

Schubert essays

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Reflective Report On Class Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective Report On Class Debate - Essay Example The report concludes with the learning outcome on how arguments over a topic are developed, structured and evaluated in a debate. Discussion The motion of the report was that the companies should have limits or makes a fixed value for the wage of the senior management in the companies. My team members were against the motion of the debate i.e. the companies should not put limits or doesn’t make a fixed value for the remuneration of senior management in their compensation policy. First, my team members worked hard in identifying the possible arguments that supports our point of view and go against the topic of the debate. Secondly, my team members organise and structure the arguable points in the most meaningful manner that convinces the opponent debating group. My group members would have worked better if we had used some known evidence or statistics from literature and research. My Team Members’ Argument The key points developed in support of the argument were to discu ss the idea and purpose of the compensation system and policy, addressing the worth of senior management for companies in a broader context, the changing perspectives on the reasons why management wages are not kept fixed, and identifying reasons that justify the extended worth of senior management. Before arguing over the topic, it is important to first understand the rationale behind the wage system and policy of companies. The compensation policy by which companies reward their employees is not a mere system of paying off workers for their time and efforts, rather a compensation policy is often a strategic competitive edge by which companies retain the human capital to their organisations for a longer period of... This paper approves that the key points presented by the opponents were that wage discrimination leads to professional jealousy, influences motivation, detainment of financial resources around senior management and that performance criterion are reflective of job description, responsibility and skills. The other side argued that the companies should have limits for wages of senior management, as this wage discrimination creates a negative internal competition, decreases employee motivation and professional jealously amongst the lower and top management employees. Management personnel and seniors in a company serve as assets because; one, there is no substitute of experience; second, the cost of attracting new talent is too stupendous than retaining the old ones. This paper makes a conclusion that when preset performance standards systematically justify the professional worth of every individual irrespective of the management level then what is the reason for delimiting the wage scale for senior management on behalf of their extended worth? It is an unfair company policy which consumes a large proportion of organisational financial resources for around a small group of individuals. This limits a company’s ability to leverage and transfer benefits to a major portion of employees working for that company. The strength of the argument was it develops logical link between the supporting statements, though the researchers and authors have commented on both the arguments and there is no right conclusion for this debate found in the research.